什么是毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹?

毒葛, 毒葛, and poison sumac are types of American plants. 它们各自生长在这个国家的不同地区. The plants cause allergic contact dermatitis in most people who touch them. The rash is caused by the body’s reaction to an oil in the plants called urushiol.

The first time you touch one of the plants, you may not get a rash. This is because your body’s allergic response is not yet sensitive to it. The next time you touch one of the plants, your body may react in 24 to 72 hours. 这种皮疹不会在人与人之间传播. But plant oils on skin and clothes can pass from one person to another and cause a rash.

是什么导致毒常春藤，橡树和漆树的皮疹?

这种植物产生一种叫做漆酚的油. 如果你触摸这些植物，这种油就会沾到你的皮肤上. 它很容易从植物传播到其他物体上. 这些包括园艺工具、衣服、玩具和宠物皮毛. You can also inhale it from smoke if the plants are burned. Urushiol can stay active on any surface for a year or more and still cause skin rash. 皮疹不会马上出现. But you can spread the oils around your body without knowing it.

毒葛、橡树和漆树的皮疹不会传染. It can’t be spread from person to person by touching the blisters, 或者是水泡里的液体. But oil that remains on skin, clothes, or shoes can be spread to another person and cause a rash.

谁有患毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹的风险?

如果你有以下情况，你患过敏性皮疹的风险更大:

• Go outdoors in an area where poison ivy, oak, or sumac grow

• 不知道如何识别和远离植物

• 触摸有皮疹的人的衣服或物品

• Touch a pet who has been outside in contact with the plants

• 在这些植物周围工作. 这包括农业、林业和消防.

毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹的症状是什么?

每个人的症状可能略有不同. The symptoms most often include a red, bumpy, itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters. 水泡破裂，渗出液体，然后结痂. 皮肤区域也可能肿胀. 肿胀可能意味着过敏反应更严重.

The symptoms of poison ivy, oak, and sumac rash can look like other health conditions. 其他植物和化学物质也会引起类似的皮疹. Make sure to see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹是如何诊断的?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and health history. 他们会给你做身体检查. The physical exam will include looking closely at your skin.

毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹如何治疗?

Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. 这也取决于病情的严重程度.

治疗是为了减轻瘙痒. 瘙痒可以用以下任何一种方法治疗:

• 炉甘石液

• 类固醇霜

• 用小苏打或胶体燕麦片洗澡

• 口服或注射类固醇药物

Your healthcare provider may also prescribe antihistamine medicine. 这种药不能止痒. But it may help you sleep better and let you ignore the itch. Check with your provider if you have questions or concerns about taking an antihistamine.

In some cases, you may need urgent treatment if you have a severe reaction and swelling.

与您的医疗保健提供者讨论风险, 好处, 以及所有药物可能的副作用.

What are possible complications of poison ivy, oak, and sumac rash?

对一些人来说，可能会发生严重的反应. This causes swelling or trouble with breathing or swallowing. This is a medical emergency and needs treatment right away. If you have a severe reaction, make sure this is documented in your medical records.

感染是另一种可能的并发症. 这些区域也可能因抓挠而感染. Your healthcare provider may prescribe an antibiotic medicine to take by mouth.

毒葛、橡树和漆树的皮疹可以预防吗?

预防毒葛、橡树和漆树皮疹:

• 找出哪些植物生长在你的地区.

• 了解他们的长相. 告诉所有的家庭成员这些植物长什么样子.

• 在户外时远离植物.

当你外出时:

• Wear long pants and long sleeves when in the woods or yard.

• 出门后立即清洗衣服和鞋子.

• Don’t touch a pet that may have been in contact with one of the plants. 如果可能的话，用手套给宠物洗毛. 你的宠物会把油传给你.

• 好好洗手，包括指甲下面.

• 如果你在院子里干活时戴手套, use heavy-duty vinyl gloves instead of gloves made from rubber or latex. The oil from the plant can get through these materials onto your skin.

• If you are very sensitive or are often exposed to these plants, you can use bentoquatam 5% cream (Ivy Block) on all exposed areas of your skin. This makes a layer of protection between your skin and any sap oil you may touch. Follow directions, because you may need to reapply the cream. Even if you use the cream, still wear long pants and long sleeves.

如果你接触到这些植物:

• 尽快去除皮肤上的油脂. 这包括你的指甲. The sooner you wash, the better chance of removing the oil (urushiol). 这可能有助于使反应不那么严重.

• Gently wash your skin with lukewarm water (not hot) and plain soap 3 times. 每次洗涤后用清水冲洗.

• If you don’t have soap, use alcohol-based wipes to remove the oil.

• 把你穿的衣服和鞋子洗干净. The oil can stay on your clothes and spread from person to person.

• 不抓. 抓挠会引起感染.

我应该什么时候给我的医疗保健提供者打电话?

Call the healthcare provider right away if any of these are true:

• 你吸入了燃烧的植物产生的烟雾

• 疹子在你脸上

• 疹子在生殖器附近

• 皮疹覆盖了你身体的很大一部分

• 你有大水泡

• 你有肿胀

• 没有什么能止痒

• 瘙痒使你无法入睡

• 你发烧到华氏100度.4°F(38°C)或更高，或按照您的供应商的指示

• 皮疹几周内不会消失

Call 911

Call 911 或去急诊室，如果你有:

• 吞咽困难

• 呼吸困难

• 脸上或眼睛附近浮肿

毒葛，橡树和漆树皮疹的要点

• 毒葛, 毒葛, and poison sumac are plants that cause an allergic rash in most people who touch them. The rash is caused by a reaction to an oil in the plants called urushiol.

• The rash can't be spread from person to person by touching the blisters, 或者是水泡里的液体. But oil that remains on skin, clothes, or shoes can be spread to another person and cause a rash.

• 治疗是为了减轻瘙痒. Itching can be treated with lotion, cream, or medicine by mouth.

• In some cases, you may need urgent treatment if you have a severe reaction and swelling.

• If you have a severe reaction, make sure this is documented in your medical records.

下一个步骤

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.

• 在拜访之前，写下你想要回答的问题.

• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.

• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.

• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. 还要知道副作用是什么.

• 询问你的病情是否可以用其他方法治疗.

• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.

• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.

• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.